The chief event of the period is the publication of the long-awaited Principles of Psychology, which produced congratulatory and critical letters from Oliver Wendell Holmes, Christine Ladd Franklin, Shadworth Hollway Santayana, James Mark Baldwin, and others. James also devoted much effort to ensuring that Harvard did not fall behind its many emerging rivals in psychology, showed strains and a developing sense of rivalry with Granville Stanley Hall, a former student now established as president of nearby Clark University, and furthering Mary Whiton Calkins' efforts to become a graduate student at Harvard. Also documented in this volume are the appearance of James's major essay in ethics, "The Moral Philosopher and the Moral Life," the birth of James's last child and the death of his sister Alice, and the years of his long European sabbatical.